Atomizer.



G. L. KENNEDY.

ATOMIZER. APPLICATION FILED MAY 24, 1910.

' III-35% WITNESSES: IN VEN M I V A1 'TORNIIEY %TAE% FFTC.

GUY I1. KENNEDY, OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNOR TO NATIONAL CAR-BONATED LIQUID 00., OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, A CORPORATION.

ATOMIZER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 22, 1913.

Application filed May 24, 1910. Serial No. 563,100.

- To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, GUY L. KENNEDY, a citizen of the United States,residing at San Francisco, in the county of San Francisco and State ofCalifornia, have invented new and useful Improvements in Atomizers, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to carbonating devices'of that type in which acarbonated liquid is produced continuously by the commingling of streamsof water and gas supplied from suitable sources under pressure, as. forinstance, a service pipe supplying water at the usual city pressure anda tank of compressed carbonic acid gas.

The present invention has for its object to provide a simple,inexpensive and eflicient carbonating device so designed as to exposethe maximum atoms of water to the maximum atoms of gas, the design beingbased on the principle that water absorbs gas in exact proportion to thearea exposed to the action of the gas.

The method of carbonating the liquid by the present device consists offour successive stages that are carried out in one continuous operationso that the carbonated liquid Wlll be produced at the same rate at whichit isdispensed. The method involves a primary carbonating action inwhich the water is divided intoa plurality of capillary streams that aregiven a spiral direction by passing through spirally arranged conduits,and at the same time minute streams of gas are directed into the spiralstreams of water to cause gas and water to commingle. The secondarystage consists in discharging the streams of commingled water and gasinto a cylindrical chamber around which the streams spirally flow towardthe discharge end whereby the streams form a tubular film of watersurrounding an inner body of gas composed of the particles unabsorbed bythe water during the first carbonating stage in the spiral conduits. Theparticles of water in the film lining the carbonating chamber areconstantly in motion, and hence expose the maximum surface to theinclosed body of gas so that the absorption of gas takes place undermost favorable conditions. The tertiary stage of carbonation consists inconverging or gathering the streams or film of partially carbonatedliquid together and directing them centrifugally through a single portfrom which the gas in the chamber the intermixing of the particles ofgas and water so that further carbonating of the water takes place. Thefinal or quaternary stage consists in the spraying action resulting fromthe centrifugally directed particles of water from the port, whereby theparti cles of gas are entrained and absorbed by the water. The apparatusfor practicing the above described method of carbonating liquid is shownin one of its embodiments in the accompanying drawings, in which,

Figure 1 is a vertical section of the carbonating device with portionsin elevation. Fig. 2 is a detail sectional view of the means forinitially commingling the water and gas and producing the spiral streamsin the carbonating chamber of the device.

Similar reference characters are employed to designate correspondingparts throughoutthe views.

Referring to the drawing, 1 designates a section of pipe of any desiredbore that is adapted to be connected at 2 with a city service main orwith any other suitable source of water under the required pressure, andattached to the opposite end of the pipe is a casing 8 in which thecarbonating of the water takes place. The gas is supplied through a pipe3 which has its end 4 connected with a tank containing compressed gas,while its other end extends into the casing 8, the pipe 3 in the presentinstance having a portion extending longitudinally of the pipe 1 inwhich it enters at a suitable point. The pipe 3 projects beyond thelower end of the pipe 1 and is provided with a plug 6 that snugly fitsin the chamber 12 of the casing 8, but the said plug is anchored on thegas pipe so that when the casing 8 is unscrewed from the pipe 1, theplug 6 will be exposed for cleaning or any other desired purpose. Theplug 6 has a chamber 5 into which the gas pipe discharges, and this pipeextends into the chamber 5 through one end of the plug and terminatesshort of the opposite end so that the entering gas will strike thebottom end of the chamber 5 and be deflected outwardly and upwardlyaround the end of the pipe. Thus, the gas is distributed in the chamberwith the result that it will more evenly issue from the radial ports 14proher. In the peripheral surface of the plug are spiral grooves 13 thatextend from one end of the plug to the other, and the open sides of thegrooves are closed by the wall of the casing 8 so that the grooves formconduits through which the water from the pipe 1 discharges into thecarbonating chamber 12 of the casing 8. Any desired number of' issubjected to a carbonating action and the streams of water entrain theparticles of gas and deliver them to the chamber 12. It is preferablethat the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the spiral grooves orconduits 13 be less than the cross-sectional area of the pipe 1, asthereby a full head'of water pressure can be maintained on the inletside of the plug 6, and, as the result gas cannot flow backwardlythrough the grooves or conduits 13m the water inlet side.

As the streamspassing through the conduits 13 will not absorb all thegas delivered by the ports 14 the unabsorbed gas will fill the interiorof the chamber 12 and be surrounded by the water circulating around thewallof the latter. As the result, the'cylindrical film-like body ofwater in the chamber 12 composed of the particles of the spirallydirected streams from the conduits 18 will present a maximum surface tothe inner body of gas, resulting in an effective carbonating action.

The chamber 12 has at its discharge end a wall 10 that is provided witha central port 11 andthis port forms a common outlet for the gas in thechamber 12 and the partially carbonated liquid. The gas in the chamber12 is under considerable pressure and tends to issue from the port in asolid stream, but the water must also issue from the same port andconsequently it commingles with the gas at the port so that a thirdcarbonating action takes place.

The wall 10 is preferably, concavo-concave so that the spirally, movingparticles of water in the chamber 10 will be caused to change theircourse gradually in approaching the port 11 and the particles of waterwill be directed centrifugally through the port. The centrifugallydischarged particles of water thus intercept the stream of gas whichwould otherwise discharged from the port 11, and as the result, the gasis entrained with the particles of water in a sortof spraying action,whereby the gas is effectively absorbed in the chamber below the wall10, the said chamber being of any desired size to accomplish the bestresults. It will thus be seen that at each carbonating stage the waterand g'asare brought intimately into contact so that by the time theliquid reaches the point of exit, it is thoroughly carbonated. Thedevice is extremely simple and inexpensive and as it operates-onthe-gasand liquid in such a manner that the pressures of both produce themechanical agitation necessaryto obtain the carbonating actions,

no moving parts are required, and hence the ;device can be merely pipedto the source of supply and the dispensing apparatus at comparativelylittle expense and trouble and no attention whatever is required tomaintain the device in operation. Itwill beunderstood that thecarbonating of the liquid takes place immediately upon the opening ofthe dispensing device, as it is then' that the gas and water begins toflow through the pipes 1 and 2, and since the carbonated liquid isproduced as'required at the d1spenser, it ispossible to always obtain afresh supply of carbonated'liquid.

From the foregoing description, taken 1n connection with theaccompanying drawings, the advantages of the construction and of themethod of operation will be readily apparent to those skilled in the artto which the invention appertains, and while I have described theprinciple of operation of the invention, together with theapparatuswh'ich I now consider to be the best embodiment thereof, Idesire toliave it understood that the apparatus shown is'merelyillustrative, and that such changes may be made when desired as arewithin the scopeflof the claimsappended hereto. v v

Having thus describedtlie" invention, what I claim'as new, is p 1. Acarbonator comprising a casing section, a plug section, one sectionhaving spiral grooves forming conduits, means for supplying water to theconduits, distributing means communicating with each conduit forsupplying gas thereto, and a chamber in the casing section into whichthe water discharges from the conduits, said chamber having a port fromwhich the gas and water spray.

2. A carbonator comprising a casing, a chamber plug fitting in thecasing, spiral conduits formed between the plug and casing, means forsupplying liquid to all the conduits, ports in the plug leading from thechamber thereof to the conduits to discharge gas into the liquid passingthrough the latter, means for supplying gas to the chamber of the plug,and a chamber in the casing through which the streams of commingled gasand liquid spirally flow on the wall surrounding the chamber.

3. A carbonating device comprising a'plurality of spiral conduits, meansfor supplying water to the conduits, means for discharging a pluralityof streams of gas into each conduit, a cylindrical chamber aroundwhich'the streams from the conduits spirally flow, a concavo-concave'wall at the dis-* charge end of the chamber provided with a central portthrough which the liquid and gas are discharged, and a chamber beyondthe wall for receiving the liquid and gas issuing from the port.

4. A carbonating device comprising a casing, a chambered plug fitting inthe casing, spiral conduits in the plug, a plurality of ports extendingfrom the chamber of the plug to the conduits, a gas supply pipeextending into the chamber, means for dis charging water into theconduits, and a chamber in the easing into which the water and gas fromthe conduits discharge.

5. 'A device of the class described comprising a water supply pipe, achambered casing applied thereto, a gas supply pipe extending into thecasing, a plug anchored on the gas supply pipe and having a chamber intowhich the latter discharges, there being grooves in the periphery of theplug forming conduits having their open sides closed by the wall of thecasing, ports leading from the chamber of the plug to the conduits fordischarging gas into the water flowing through the latter, and means forreceiving the streams of water and gas discharging from the conduits andfor producing a carbonating action.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twosubscribing Witnesses.

GUY L. KENNEDY. Witnesses FRANCIS M. WVRIGHT, D. B. RICHARDS.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

